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Bibliography Tag: lowdown part3

Pallett, 2018

Pallett K, “Engineered Crop Tolerance to Glyphosate and its Impact on the Use of the Herbicide,” Outlooks on Pest Management, December 2018. doi:10.1564/v29_dec_11.

ABSTRACT:

The agricultural importance and particularly the consequences of the use of glyphosate in crops engineered to be tolerant to this non-selective herbicide is discussed in some of the other articles in this special issue of Outlooks on Pest Management. However, a specific article reviewing the science and magnitude of what can be considered as a major scientific development in plant science is justified and is the most important aspect of the success of this herbicide (Duke & Powles, 2008). FULL TEXT

Franz, 1974

Franz, John E., “N. Phosphonomethyl-glycine Phytotoxicant Compositions,” U.S. Patent 3,799,758, March 26, 1974.

ABSTRACT:

N-phosphonomethylglycine and novel derivatives thereof useful as phytotoxicants or herbicides.

FULL TEXT

Benbrook, 2016a

Charles M. Benbrook, “Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally,”  Environmental Sciences Europe, 2016, 28:3, DOI 10.1186/s12302-016-0070-0.

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied.

METHODS: Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally.

RESULTS: Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/ acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide.

CONCLUSIONS: Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.  FULL TEXT

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